Private tuition should be banned Essay

Our reproductional dodge is made in such a room that it favours the elite. The elites are rewarded by a laureate system that put focus on the results obtained by simple intelligence tests. The classes are rewarded by scholarships. No wonder that from such a system, children also come out of primary education without kat onceing to write or read. Thats because our eyes are ceaselessly focused on the top rather than the bottom. Based on this system, what is left for parents to learn that their ward gets the eye rather than trailing at the bottom? They are forced to find the best for their children. The best should progress to been coming from the schooling system and teachers of an institution but somehow or the other some have found a flair of perverting the system. Some have found a way of making it a lucrative business by purposely creating a lack of knowledge in class so that what is missing is covered in schoolings.No wonder teachers are fighting so that the system remain s the same. For example, no extension of class hours in the afternoon, no reduction of school holidays because, consort to them, the children need to recuperate to enjoy their holidays, but to others, there is a need to cram up the students more during holidays to justify the wages obtained from it. Let us now look at the abuses. Tuition may lead to too much of pampering and may kill the self effort of the student. The student would not topographic point the book unless the tuition master turns up. Instead of his working and learning on his own he becomes so dependant on the tuition master that in the long run the gain would be perceptibly nil. There are also pupils adopting devious means through the tuition masters to get a pass.The poor tuition master makes himself cheap and worries more about the promotion of his ward than about his own children. Often, it is not uncommon to see a boy having more than atomic number 53 tuition master for each one of his subjects. Because he pa ys for the tuition, he looks down upon the poor teacher who is likely to lose his dignity. The Minister is trying to put a brake to this system but is he going to succeed? No way, as the demand is such that the pressure will come from parents and not from the teachers. except then, one may ask, so what do we do? Well, give equal opportunities to all children to attend 2 to 3 years of pre-primary education. Then we also have to get rid of this elitist system, where the best are rewarded at all levels of education. Oh, some will say that our elite will disappear. No the best will always remain the bestwhether they are rewarded or not, because their motivation are intrinsic.But who is going to take the risk of breaking that system that has created such a apportion of harm to our children and to society? Will the Minister take of the risk of doing it? Will his Political party take the risk? If not, then why all this lip service about abolition of private tuition?In order to avoid the evils of private tuition, educational institutions themselves may arrange tutorial classes. If the regular teachers cannot attend to the tutorials special(prenominal) tutors may be appointed to attend to very small groups of needy students. Such contacts may help build confidence in the student. Such tutorial classes may be complementary as well as supplementary. The tutorial system when properly organised will go a long way to improve the efficiency of the student.

Ethical Considerations for Testing, Retesting, and Make-up Examinations Essay

In most structure in the social system, the opinion of giving a second or another chance is widely dominant as applied in lined with different perspective and aim. nearly people resort to this approach as their mean of developing their own approach for a better result and more benefit on their part. As an actual example, in the business world, some professional resort to rescheduling of their meetings and presentation because they are not well-prepared or they wish to do something for the betterment of the said meeting.This is principally ethical and permissible if applied appropriately without resulting to another loss or on the other party. This adjustment is delegated and approved first by both parties regard before applied in the time table. On other field of studys and industry, re rendering also becomes a common system which is applied as inclined to the beat come to and result for the obscure party. Some companies or organizations appropriately adjust their time table and even repeat some of their procedure as influenced by the realization of better results.Indeed, there are many scenarios in the actual world wherein the approach of adjusting the time schedule is applicable and ethically appropriate ground on the nature of the complicated event. However, a certain conflict of ethical perspective occurs in the practice of this approach in the learning structure specially in the educational system. It is common in the curricular system to schedule examinations and testing exercises to determine the learning development of the schoolchild and to evaluate their performance on the faculty member level.However, most student deal with these exercises as mere basis of the institutions grading system which will influence their future academic performance and their personal capacity. Thus, to achieve better result for their testing exercises, some students resort to using or even abusing the schedule adjustment system for the aspire of gaining bette r results and advantage for their personal interest. The adjustment of time schedule for examination or retesting is comm single based on the ideal nature of the involved scenario wherein the student might have or will likely missed the duly acknowledged period because of some plausible reasons.This include being physical modify due to sickness or injury, family problems or certain situation wherein the presence of the student is direly needed by his or her family, and others unexpected circumstances which are considered valid excuses to exempt the said student from the said predetermined schedule. However, utilizing false excuses or invalid reasoning to be excuse from the scheduled period because he or she is unprepared, negligent and other unethical circumstance are indeed a form of abuse of this system.This is mainly unethical due to the fact that it creates a certain bias and inequality in the social perspective wherein the student population must take the examination on the sc hedule dates wherein they are likely risking their interest while other become excused and condition extended period to prepare for better result. This approach is indeed unfair in the correct field as the excused student/s will gain more advantage in terms of allotted time for preparation compare to the entire student population.On this ethical conflict, two sides must be critical keep an eye oned and considered namely the side of the student population and the side of the isolated student/s excused for rescheduling. For the former, they are given a fixed schedule with an allotted period for them to prepare and for the said exercise. On the said period, they must take the test whether best prepared or not thus, likely risking their interest of getting good marks.The latter on the other hand have also given the same allotted period the same as others however, rescheduling their testing date later will give them more advantage for preparation. Considering this linear view only will already reflect a bias interest on the situation however, an ethical answer will also determine the logicality of the predicament. Thus, it is all important(predicate) in this situation to consider two things in deciding the approach towards addressing the problem namely critically consider the reason behind rescheduling and equal view towards the interest of the entire population.The reason behind each circumstance duly determines its validity and the ethical background of the circumstance. This factor is also important in determine whether the task of rescheduling is indeed logical and ethical depending on the involved nature and elements of the scenario. The facilitator or teacher involved must critically analyze the reason and evidences involved whether they are valid as basis to exempt the particular student for the testing schedule.Thus, to negate the bias nature involved in the said scenario, a plausible and ethically valid reason must given to support the exemption and the allotment of extension for the involved student. Through which, the interest of all involved parties will be equally given and addressed in the involved situation resulting to a fair and just implementation of teachers way over his or her students and the ethical adherence to the primary rules and regulation of the academic institution.

How Can Government Support Business Growth in the Uk

How roll in the hay Government Support telephone line Growth in the UK? Judging from major shopping centres and high streets, it is well-fixed to conclude that the UK is dominated by large successful melodic phrasees. However, Office for content Statistics figures (2008) show that 89% of every(prenominal) UK enterprises have less than 10 employees and 98. 1% have less than 50 employees the very largest companies account for honourable 0. 4% of wholly UK byplay enterprises (Birchall, 2009). Although there are several advantages of being a tenuous firm, virtually businesses want to grow and this inspires the question What is business issue? LinkedIn (2012) defines business issue as an innovation that delivers solutions to customers period adding measure out both internally and externally to our processes as well as change magnitude customer value while increasing net profit. In less complex terms, a business is said to be growing when it gets a better return on its in vestment. In this essay, I result be discussing the slipway the political relation can support business result. In doing this research, a question popped in my head, Why should the giving medication support business fruit? One of the major problems facing the UK currently is unemployment.Once a business get starteds growing, it is infixed to hire more people to garter power the development and tally stability. As such, the problem of unemployment will be considerably reduced. Secondly, Stokes and Wilson (2006) have argued that in recent times, small firms have proved to be an rampant source of very inventive ideas however, they miss resources to put them into practice without external assistance. They also highlighted the circumstance that small firms are essential to compete with larger companies by providing alternating sources of supply thereby acting an immeasurable role in the anti-monopoly policy.Insufficient finance is a major cause of business failure and this is hotshot of the major hindrances encountered by businesses in their pursuit of growth. Finance is critical for starting, maintaining and growing small and medium businesses therefore, it is snappy that both start-ups and existing businesses have access to the full range of debt and equity financing options (Department for dividing line understructure and Skills, 2010). Cameron (2011) in his speech about the role of small businesses expressed his shock at the way small and medium enterprises are blocked out of procurement and acquisition opportunities.In applying for bank loans, a business is call for to possess a form of collateral or guarantee to support the application. Unfortunately for most businesses, they do not have sufficient collateral to back the application. The authorities can therefore stage up schemes to financial aid entrepreneurs obtain finance from financial institutions by agreeing to guarantee loans. For example, in 2011, Hong Kong launched the SME loanw ord Guarantee dodge which was aimed at helping small and medium enterprises (SMEs) obtain loans from financial institutions and in one year, there has been dangerous growth in several industries (SME Fund, 2012).In addition to guaranteeing loans, the UK government can also help firms or industries puff external investors or experts in specific fields private individuals and companies. This can be achieved by all providing certain incentives to the investors and experts who will not only provide the funds needed to run the business tho possess the knowledge and expertise required to grow the business or creating a platform for entrepreneurs to commit their ideas to these investors. In 2005, the British Broadcasting Corporation, backed by the UK government launched a show, firedrakes hideout (BBC, 2012).This was aimed at giving entrepreneurs the opportunity to pitch their businesses to five of the most wealthy business moguls in the UK. Also, in 2005, Mozambiques government so licited the International Finance Corporation (IFC) to help develop their tourism sector and in less than five years after, Mozambique has attracted over $33 million in investment and designated over 13,000 ha of land as sustainable tourism zones (IFC, 2012). The government can help the unemployed and disadvantaged start-up businesses of their birth through special schemes.In 1999, the government recognised the need to encourage start-ups in disadvantaged companies so the phoenix Fund was set up (Open Forum, 2012). The major objective of this scheme was to encourage investment in brand-new and growing businesses. However, the unemployed population are still being ignored and some of them genuinely want to work but have met with one difficulty or an separate (Open Forum, 2012). The government can help by creating enabling opportunities for people to set up their own businesses at home. They can also set up Enterprise Al pocket-sizedance Schemes which will serve as incentives to th ese entrepreneurs.Furthermore, the government can interfere with the release market place and save failing businesses. However, there are two sides to this coin. On one hand, governments intervention through policies would result in a better controlled trading environment and can stabilise faltering economies. An example of this is the 2008 financial crises when the UK government stepped in to help the large banks and struggling automakers. On the early(a) hand, governments interventions may result in inefficiency such as price floors e. g. EUs Common husbandry Policy which created huge surpluses (excess butter to make a cube of butter with 125m sides) (Debate Org. 2012) Another way the UK government can support business growth is to lighten the burden of taxation and administrative processes required to start up and run a business. The Bolton Committee suggested that taxation policies should reflect the governments encouragement of entrepreneurial activity and improve the mark etability of small businesses i. e. improving the degree to which an asset can be traded in the market without affecting its price (Stokes and Wilson, 2006). The government responded to this suggestion by giving small firms the advantage of benefitting from lower raft tax rates.For example, a company with profits from ? 50,000 to ? 300,000 has a tax rate of 19%. However, once profits gain above this range, they are liable to the full 30% tax rate (UK Legislation, 2012). Similar to all other businesses, even the very small firms are responsible for health and safety on their premise for all workers and customers. For example, The Safety at Work Act (1974) and the Offices, Shops and Railway Premises Act (1963) give employers innate responsibilities ranging from machinery safety to even the temperature of the working environment.Another example is the Disability Discrimination Act (1995) which requires employers to experience steps to ensure disabled employees are not discriminated against. Small firms have experienced major difficulties in following these regulations to the letter. The government can help here by reducing its requirements regarding very small firms and by encouraging their inspectors to increase their cognisantness of smaller firms interests (UK Legislation, 2012). The third way in which the government can support business growth is in the provision of discipline and advice.Of all the factors initiating growth, the most important is luck and the ability to be aware of chance opportunities (Gill, 1985). In 1993, the UK government launched what Stokes and Wilson (2006) refer to as a network of independent local business information and advice centres offering a range of suffices to the business community, designed to enhance the competitiveness of local companies. This network is known as Business Links. The government can develop this initiative by providing online information and military service of processs thereby, reaching a larger range of businesses.However, Office for National Statistics (2008) show that 24% of SMEs lack online presence. Therefore, in addition to providing online information, the government has to encourage these companies to log on to the internet. Business owners and entrepreneurs tend to value advice from experienced business moguls. Therefore, the government can set up business mentoring organisations that will provide practical advice and contacts for other businesses, based on hands-on experience (Department for Business insertion and Skills, 2010).In 1972, on the recommendation of the Bolton Committee, the Small Firms operate (SFS) was set up to provide information through a network of 13 Small Firms Centres (SFCs) however, this service packed up in 1990 due to the irresponsibility and negligence of the management. In spite of the failure of the service in the UK, other governments recognised that if these organisations were successful, the benefits cannot be over-emphasized (Open Forum, 2012). They therefore set up similar schemes e. g. he unify States Small Business Administration, the Australian business services portal of the Department of Industry, Tourism and Resources and the Small Business Directorate in the Ministry of Economic Development in New Zealand (LinkedIn, 2012). Business growth brings improved option prospects through larger market shares, diversification into different markets and greater finance. It also brings an increased feeling of place and power. Most importantly, it enables a firm enjoy economies of carapace. Wikipedia (2012) defines economies of scale as the cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expanding upon.The common sources of economies of scale are purchasing bulk buying of materials through long-term contracts, managerial increasing the specialization of managers, financial obtaining lower-interest charges when borrowing from banks and having access to a greater range of financial instruments, marketing dispersal the cost of advertising over a greater range of output in media market and technical taking advantage of returns to scale in the production function. In the 1990s during the Asian economic crises, Tesco saw this as an opportunity to enter the market and once the economies started to recover, they emerged stronger.Today, they are the market leader in Thailand (Floyd, 2011). Whereas growth is encouraged, there are a number of possible problems arising from growth. Firstly, expansion brings pressure on a firms fluidness e. g. as a result of offering additional credit to encourage sales, and on its level of gearing. Also, although growth may have been planned efficiently by managers, they may find that this growth makes the firms various functions or projects more difficult to co-ordinate and to control, and its communication procedures slower.In addition, there is no guarantee that what is universal in the UK market will become equally popular overseas, because of local and national differences (e. g. due to culture). authorisation and co-ordination also become more difficult as a result of international expansion. A costly example of when business growth has been a huge disadvantage to a company is General Motors restrain in the USA (Open Forum, 2012). In conclusion, the three ways in which the UK government can support business growth are by improving access to finance, making information and advice available to people and by lightening tax and administrative load.However, even though accompaniment business growth is essential, it is important that this growth be controlled because even though small firms make less profit than the larger ones and have low chances of surviving in the dynamic world of business, they offer a better and more flexible service to customers and their staff often benefit from high levels of motivation. They are also able to exploit their size and take advantage of the opportunities presented by diseconomies of scale suffered by large firms.Most importantly, they play an important role in ensuring the economic system remains balanced. Reference List * Birchall, N. (2009) Survival of the smallest, Business Review Journal, (Sept 2009), pp. 5-7 * British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) (2012) Dragons Den Online. Available at http//www. bbc. co. uk/programmes/p01009mj (Accessed on 13th October 2012) * Cameron, D. (2011) Is the Government serious about supporting small business? Online. Available at http//goo. gl/l2rBl (Accessed on 13th October 2012) * Debate org. 2012) Should the government intervene with the unacquainted(p) market and save failing businesses? Online. Available at http//www. debate. org/opinions (Accessed on 1st November 2012) * Department for Business Innovation and Skills (2010) Backing small business Online. Available at http//goo. gl/9gGe9 (Accessed on 13th October 2012) * Drucker, P. (1985) Innovation and Entrepreneurship. London Heinemann * Floyd, D. (2011) revisal AS A2 Bu siness Studies. London Letts Educational Ltd. * Gill, J. (1985) Factors affecting the survival and growth of the smaller company.Hants Gower Publishing telephoner Limited * IFC (2012) Helping Attract Investment in Mozambiques Tourism Sector Online. Available at http//goo. gl/wkZqZ (Accessed on 30th October 2012) * LinkedIn (2012) Business Growth Online. Available at http//www. linkedin. com (Accessed on 1st November 2012) * Office for National Statistics (2008) UK Business Statistics Online. Available at http//nationalstatistics. gov. uk (Accessed on 12th October 2012) * Open Forum (2011) Why the Government should help Young Entrepreneurs start business Online. Available at http//goo. l/uYwiZ (Accessed on 13th October 2012) * SME Fund (2012) SME Loan Guarantee Scheme Online. Available at http//www. smefund. tid. gov. hk/english/sgs/sgs_objective. html (Accessed on 30th October 2012) * Stokes, D. and Wilson, N. (2006) Small Business Management Entrepreneurship. London Thomson Learn ing * UK Legislation (2012) Employment and Tax-related Laws Online. Available at http//www. legislation. gov. uk (Accessed on 2nd November 2012) * Wikipedia (2012) Economies of scale Online. Available at http//www. wikipedia. com (Accessed on 4th November 2012)

Grandparent Rights

My First Grandson How numerous of you have grandp arnts that have played an important role in your life? Were they there when you needed them? tally to the Idaho Department of Health and Welf be, there are over 29 thousand children in Idaho alone who are being raised by their grandparents. I am one of those grandparents. On November 21s, 2004 Destin Hardy was born and this is when the bail of grandparents and grandchild began. Destin was 12 months old when his parents decided to move to Washington. It was so hard for me to let him go. I knew however that anytime I wanted to see him I was able to.It was in 2006 when my grandson and my son came down for a visit, they ended up staying with us on a permanent basis. My son was 20 stratums old and was just getting seat on his feet, so I suggested that Destin stay with us until my son had a stable milieu for him to go to. I at this time didnt know the big effect this would have on my life. Another kid was all I could think about. I wa snt worried I wouldnt be able to do it, as I have raised four children of my own. I was truly worried about how to do it. Raising a child in to daylights earthly concern is more difficult than when I was raising my children.Being a grandma and being a mother are two different things. I wanted to spoil him rotten. And as we all know once spoiled, perpetually spoiled. So life began with a spoiled baby. It didnt comprise to long for me to change to the mother means though. My parental instinct took over and all of the skills I had used before came back to me. Destin was so active durationnt at this age. He loved the water and playing ball. I think his favorite thing to do was to jump on the trampoline or was it riding the lawn mower with my wavier (Xavier), as he called him. Even at darkness time he would want to read or color.I placed him in preschool at the age of trey and watched him grow with knowledge. I can remember that e really day I dropped him off he would take my ha nd and show me the parakeets and the big parrot. He had to make sure they knew he was there. While attending preschool, Destin began nurture at a higher level than expected. He was five and graduated with a preschool graduation fleece with special recognitions Outstanding Learner. This was a proud day in grandmas life. guide Destin and talking to him as if he was a mature child helped with his language skills and communication skills.He is a very intelligent young man and knows more than an average child should know at his age. At the age 6 1/2 Destin decided that he wanted to get involved with football bid his uncles. I thought about this long and hard deciding that it wasnt in his best interest. I then decided that Tai Kwon Do would be better for him. He could use a comminuted more self-discipline and balance skills. What a great idea. Destins accomplishments have been great. In one year he graduated 4 belts and received his green belt one month ago.From the day that Destin w as born, to watching him turn into a little man. Destin has brought a great joy to my life. I would never take back a minute of sharing his life with him. I wonder what the future holds for my grandson. I know that with the beneficial guidance and love he will go on to accomplish great things and one day be a great leader and mentor to his children and grandchildren. Bibliography http//healthandwelfare. idaho. gov/Children/EarlyChildhoodInfo/ActiveParenting/tabid/161/ctl/ArticleView/mid/1373/articleId/583/Grandparents-Raising (U. S Census Bureau, 2005-2009)

A Report on the Economic Recovery in Britain in the 1930s

A report on the economic recovery in Britain in the 1930s In the 1930s Britains workers was experiencing signs of affluence. All this extra money was due to the living standard going up by 15 pct. This meant the money didnt come from wages being increased but the follow of living decreased. Gross Domestic Product (GDP) The affluence also came from the gross domestic product rate. In 1922 to 1938 the rate rose to the average of 2. 1 percent per annum. The rates were a lot better than the old age before the war which were at 1. 1 percent in 1900 to 1913.However, growth rates were very exchangeable to the rates of the second half of the nineteenth century this rate was at 2 percent in the 1856 to 1899. In the 1930s, the rate grew faster than the 1920s as between 1932 and 1937 the rate nearly rose to 4 percent per annum. This mean that Britain held her place and held on her own in the thirties which meant Britain picked herself up compared to the twenties when she woolly her place. H ousing Act The accommodate boom was just one of the ways that the affluence affected Britain. The housing act was also evidence of the affluence which could be seen for it.By 1939 one in three families were living in houses which were built since 1929. Between both wars a massive four million houses were built. However, nearly half of the houses were built by private developments. The private developments were growing mainly in the south east. All the houses were built with a new standard of living, even the other half of the houses built, which were council houses. The council houses were put up for rent. As all houses had a new standard of living, the fitments included baths, hot water and proper kitchen. Particularly in the private sector, the houses came to found the new suburbs.Each home would also have a garden of a decent size and quality. take Vehicles Motor vehicles were just one of the industries which led the way. This was even included in a new pass of industries th at emerged and played an important part in the growth of Britain. In fact in 1924 USA was the humanss main manufacturer by a wide margin. France was Europes largest producer with 145,000 vehicles, going away Britain trailing along second with the 116,000 vehicles being produced. However, by 1937 British fruit had tripled to 379,000 and Britain took the lead in Europe, followed by Germany with 277,000.Oxford (Morris) and Birmingham (Austin) were the main manufacturing centres. Electrical engineering Electrical engineering grew at between 4 and 5 percent per annum throughout the inter-war period. Electrical engineering was just another new industry for Britain. In the 1930s electrical energy consumption increased by 70 percent per head. This was fire to the creation of the central electricity mount up in 1926 and the national grid. Both of these electricity supplies gave a boost to the industry. Britain and France led Europe and USA wasnt far behind.Examples of the increase of cons umption were that in 1919 there were 730,000 consumers and then in 1938 the number of consumers grew to nine million. otherwise developments grew and reflected the fact that more and more people were spending money, which meant they had money. Most towns would have their own Woolworths and Marks and Spencers and new magazines like Womans Own in 1932. These new magazines appeared which included features on dress and consumer durables. Wireless industry Wireless manufacturers created the British Broadcasting Corporation which is now cognise as the BBC in 1922.This was to provide programs that would encourage people to buy their products and spend. The BBC became part of the government charter which then started to be financed by a license fee in 1927. The BBC broadcasted to most areas of Britain but they were focused in Daventry in a radio station in 1925. By 1938 around 2 million radios were sold each year. This was known as wireless. The price had decreased from ? 30 in 1920 to a round ? 7. Other electrical goods which found a mass market were vacuum cleaners and electric irons. Entertainment The cinema took the entertainment industry by a storm. In 1934 there were 4300 cinemas in Britain. 0 million people per week were attending the brings on through the weeks. Audiences were huge, some cinemas were able to seat 1000 people, and some were as big as 4000 seats. The large cinemas were based in Glasgow and Croydon. The four biggest companies which controlled the marker by the 1930s were Gaumont-British, the Associated British Picture Corporation, Odeon and Granda. Even though there was a British industry, American films were preferred. This was because Hollywood had already dominated the worlds film industry and audience surveys usually showed that American films were preferred.Even the laid-off could afford to go to the cinema as the tickets were so cheap. 80 percent of the unemployed youth of Liverpool and Glasgow went to the cinema at least once a week. An unemployed Londoner told a researcher in 1932, The pictures (cinema) are my first choice because they make you think for a bitty while that life is alright. At least 14 percent of British industrial production in 1924 had been accounted for by these new industries. This proportion increased to 20 percent by 1935. The proportion of the raw material industries in the same period had decreased from 37 percent to 28 percent.

How does Macbeth’s and Lady Macbeth’s relationship change throughout the course of the play? Essay

Witches nowadays are go ton as a bit of a joke and a laugh since they are used for entertainment same in the Harry Potter novels, or when it is Halloween and children (and some generation even adults) dress up as witches for fun or for trick and treating. Overall, Witches in modern times are not detractn seriously exclusively people were a lot much irrational back when Queen Elizabeth I reigned as Queen of England people in those times had a legitimate fear and belief of witches. Their superstition was the product of the churchs teachings, yet, when Queen Elizabeth died and the new fagot crowd I of England and Scotland, succeeded to the throne he was someone who was both obsessed and intrigued by witches.This new King was fascinated by the subject, a fact that William Shakespeare had to take on board. Shakespeare had to impress King James in frame to enter his good books and keep his high status and wealth. This is because William Shakespeare was Queen Elizabeths official p laywright and when she died, he risked losing his living and high social status. By using his playwrights talents, some background seek on the Kings ancestors and his fascination of witches to his advantage, he created his infamous play, Macbeth, which captured King James attention and unploughed Shakespeare as the official playwright.Macbeth was a successful soldier in the army of King Duncan. After the battle, Macbeth meets trio witches who tell him that he is to become Thane of Cawdor and King. As p guile of the same pretendion, the Witches predict that future Kings exit be descended not from Macbeth but from his fellow army captain, Banquo. (First Witch) All applaud Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Glamis. (Second Witch) All hail Macbeth, hail to thee Thane of Cawdor. (Third Witch) All hail Macbeth, that shalt be King hither later. Banquo also receives a prophecy from the witches, Thou shalt function kings, though thou be none. Shortly after, Macbeth receives news that Ki ng Duncan has honoured him with the title, Thane of Cawdor. Although initially prepared to restrain for fate to take its course, Macbeth is ambitious and sudden confusion arises when King Duncan nominates his son Malcolm as his heir. Macbeth is tempted and writes to his wife grownup her the news. skirt Macbeth, upon audition Macbeths promotion, calls upon evil spirits to help them achieve greatness she dabbles with the dark arts and performs witchcraft in order to help her and her husband make the witches prophecies come admittedly. It is here that we see gentlewoman Macbeths true colours, it shows us that she is the much ambitious of the two as she has immediately taken steps to fulfill the prophecy and that she is the one who is more dominant in her actions. Glamis thou art, and Cawdor, and shalt be what thou art promisd yet do I fear thy nature, it is too salutary o th take out of humane kindness, to catch the nearest way. (Act 1, Scene 5) Returning to his castle, Macbe ths ambitious wife, maam Macbeth, tells her husband of her broadcast to execution of instrument Duncan and persuades Macbeth. It is here that we see the status of their relationship and realize that Lady Macbeth is wearing the trousers in this relationship. She is in control and can easily manipulate her husband.Macbeth realises that the murder of the king is the quickest way to achieve the dowery that her husband had been promised and when King Duncan pays a royal visit to Macbeths castle, Lady Macbeth sees this as the perfect hazard to bring the prophecy to life. It is here that we see the dramatic irony take place. Both Macbeth, Lady Macbeth and the consultation know that King Duncan will die once he stays over at Macbeths, but King Duncan himself does not know that his fate has been sealed. Here, we see the couple call each some other endearments, for example, Macbeth calls Lady Macbeth My dearest love (Act 1, Scene 5), which suggests that they are a loving couple but at number one Macbeth hesitates about killing King Duncan and Lady Macbeth is outraged, she takes control and scolds him, prevailing upon him again and again, which shows us she pushes and blackmails him revealing the positions in their relationship.She questions his manhood, When you durst do it, she says, then you were a man. Lady Macbeth wins out, she drugs the guards of the kings bedchamber then, at a given signal, Macbeth ascends to the Kings room and murders him while he sleeps. Lady Macbeth says she could not have killed King Duncan because he resembled her father, a figure which Lady Macbeth loved and cared for. Had he not resembled My father as he slept, I had donet. Haunted by what he has done, Macbeth is once more scolded by his wife. It is here that we see Macbeth weaken and Lady Macbeth take almost complete control of their relationship. Suddenly, both are affright by a loud knocking at the castle door, but again, it is Lady Macbeth who takes control.The drunken gatekeep er of Macbeths castle opens the door to Macduff, a loyal follower of the king, who has been asked to awaken Duncan in preparation for the perish journey. Macbeth, concealing the bloody truth, signals the location of the Kings room and Macduff heads towards it. He discovered the Kings body. When the murder is revealed, Macbeth kills the prime witnesses, the sleepy guards of the kings bedchamber, and Lady Macbeth faints. The lords of Scotland present, including Macbeth, swear to avenge the murder. The Kings two sons flee in fear that they might be next, and this action raises suspicion that they might be the culprits. Donalbain flees to Ireland and Malcolm flees to raise an army in England.Macbeth is crowned the new king of Scotland, but, because of Banquos knowledge of the witches prophecy, Macbeth sees no other choice but to kill his friend, Banquo and his son Fleance, as he will be the successor after Macbeth. They both pose a threat to Macbeth but Macbeth does not tell Lady Macb eth of his plans this time, this shows he tacit cares for her and does not want her hands to be covered in blood anymore, and so taking on a more dominant percentage in their relationship. The hired murderers kill Banquo but Fleance escapes. At a banquet that night, Macbeth sees Banquos ghost at the dinner table and the audience see Macbeth weaken greatly as the ghost appears.Again, his wife tries to strengthen Macbeth. We see Lady Macbeth showing some of her irritation towards Macbeth, she is authentically worried about him as she cannot see what he can and is trying to calm him, but on the other hand, she is also scolding him, desperate to save her neck and his, as she is trying to stop him from confessing Duncans murder. O proper stuff This is the very painting of your fear This is the air-drawn dagger which you s uphold Led you to Duncan. O, these flaws and starts (Imposters to true fear) would well become A womans story, at a winters ignition Authorizd by her grandma shame itself, Why do you make such faces? When alls done You look but on a stool. (Act 3, Scene 4).In the next moving picture, Macbeth returns to the Witches. The Witches not totally confirm that the sons of Banquo will rule in Scotland, but they also add a new prophecy Macbeth will be invincible in battle until the time when the forest of Birnam moves towards his stronghold at Dunsinane, Macbeth shall neer be vanquishd be, until Great Birnam Wood, to high Dunsinane Hill Shall come against him. (Act 4, Scene 1). They also predict that no man born of a woman shall hurt Macbeth, Be bloody, bold and resolute antic to scorn The power of man for none of woman born shall harm Macbeth. (Act 4, Scene 1). Ignoring both of these predictions because he thought they were nonsense, Macbeth prepares for invasion.When he is told that Macduff has deserted him, Macbeth begins the final stage of his tragic descent. His first move is the destruction of Macduffs family his wife and children. In England, Macduff receives the news at the very moment that he swears his allegiance to the young Malcolm. Malcolm persuades him that the murder of his family should act as the spur to revenge, Be comforted. Lets make medicines of our great revenge, To cure this insidious grief.Meanwhile, in Scotland, Lady Macbeth has been taken ill She walks in her sleep and seems to recall, in fragmentary memories, the details of the murder. It is here that she has no control over their relationship, moreover, her own sanity. Macbeth hears of her sanity deteriorating, yet he does not sound like he cares in the slightest, he sounds cold, emotionless, all he does is tell the doctor to Cleanse the stuffd bosom, of that perilous stuff Which weighs upon the heart. In the end, she eventually falls to her death from the castles battlements. We do not know whether it was her insanity that caused her suicide, or the evil spirits that consumed her soul.Macbeth hears her scream, as he is informed of Lady Macbeths de ath, he acts as if he doesnt care, he cold-heartedly said she should have died hereafter, his computer address is pessimistic and full of despair which spells the end of their once loving relationship. Malcolms attacking army is advancing while Macbeths defenses are preparing. When Malcolms army disguise themselves with sawn-off branches from Birnam Wood, Macbeth sees what appears to be a timber moving towards his stronghold at Dunsinane. When he finally meets Macduff in single combat, his sworn enemy reveals that he came into the world by caesarean section he was not, precisely speaking, of woman born, (Act 4, Scene 1). On hearing this news, Macbeth rejects one final time the Witches prophecy. With a loud cry, he launches himself at Macduff and is slain thus revealing the final building to this tragedy. In the final scene, Malcolm is crowned as the new king of Scotland, to the foretell of all.At first, Macbeth had a casual, loving relationship with Lady Macbeth. However, both t heir ambitions led them astray. Firstly, the relationship began to change when Macbeth became more dominant. This was when he ordered Banquo and his son Fleance murdered. Be innocent of the knowledge, dearest chuck, by saying this, not only is Macbeth protect his wife, he is also taking on a more dominant role in their relationship. Clearly, he still loves his wife as he is protecting her. However, there is another twist in their marriage. In act 3 scene 4, we see the appearance of Banquos ghost at the banquet which only Macbeth can see, because of this Macbeth is reduced to a weak, helpless man. Meanwhile, his wife, un sure as shooting of what is going on, appears to be sure footed and most definitely stronger than her husband. She scolds him and questions his manhood, Are you a man?Drawing to the end of the play, we see Macbeth take control again, while Lady Macbeth is belatedly deteriorating along with her relationship to Macbeth, her mind is flooded with unrighteousness and pa ranoia. We see the end of their relationship when Lady Macbeth falls off the battlements of the castle to her death. We do not know whether it was her guilt that caused her to commit suicide, or the evil spirits consuming her soul and driving her to die. Macbeth feels no emotion upon hearing of her death instead he says life is meaningless and has no purpose, is a tale Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, Signifying nothing. This is the end of their relationship.The audience initially has a good impression of their relationship. They called each other endearments and protect each other. In act 3, scene 2, we see Macbeth protecting his wife from finding out the bloody truth, even though he had performed evil deeds, the audience wouldve thought of him as a good somebody or a loving husband beneath the blood stained ambition. In act 1, scene 5 however, Lady Macbeth reveals her true colours by calling forth evil spirits to aid her ambition to kill Duncan. Also, in act 4, scene 1, we see Macbeths true colours when he meets the witches for help. The audience now sees him as too deep in the blood for him to carry on, his time will come. When Lady Macbeth dies, he shows coldness, which creates hatred from the audience towards Macbeth. Indeed, his time comes, when he faces Macduff, and is slain. The audience now sees the classic success over evil, performed by the good.In conclusion, Macbeths relationship with lady Macbeth slowly deteriorates throughout the course of the play, it seems that the more blood drenched onto Macbeths hand, the more dominant he grew and this weakened Lady Macbeths noetic state. The audience sees them as a loving couple at first, calling each other endearments protecting each other, but their actions caught up with them, and they faced the consequences of meddling with the evil spirits. Their relationship is like a candle, slowly burning, burning through the wax, slowly deteriorating, until there is nothing left.

Formative and Summative Assessment Essay

judicial decision is a term that includes all told of the various methods used to picture the extent of an singulars accomplishment. In t for each oneing and development situation, judging refers to the methods used to determine handment of attainment outcomes. Similarly in professional contexts, sagacity is concerned with the achievement of professional types or competence.(Aranda & Yates,2009).Assessment also provides a number of major benefits including Grading prisement may be used to takeersink achievement and to measure the students prep atomic number 18dness for professional challenges. Motivation sound judgment may focus on literal learning by creating an opportunity that carries with it the rewards of completion or grades. learning touch assessment activities move manoeuvre individuals to learn and relearn subject content efficiently. Feedback assessment provides opportunities for individuals to monitor the quality of their work outance and identify ar gonas for improvement. calculate OF judicial decisionIt is easy to become so immersed in the job of education that we lose sight the demand purpose of a assessment. There is consequently the possibility that we atomic number 18 overlooking a nonher form of assessment which might be more appropriate. We actually assess students for quite a range of different reasons motivation, creating learning opportunities, to give feedback (to twain students and staff), to grade, and as a quality assurance mechanism (both for internal and external systems).Because all too often we do not disentangle these functions of assessment, without having really thought it through assessments atomic number 18 a great deal trying to do all these things, to varyingdegrees.(Oxford Brookes University,2011).In fact it is arguable that while it is desirable for assessments concussion the first three of these functions to be conducted as often as possible, the final two do not need to be done anywhere ne ar so frequently it is simply important that they are done somewhere.The implications of this are that while an essay question, where all the answers are double marked and the marks count towards the students final grades, may fulfil all these functions, for all assessments to be this rigorous would be prohibitively valuable in staff time, while a peer-assessed seminar presentation, which does not count towards the students final grades but is simply a course requirement, could fulfil the first three functions and may not even require a instill to be present.FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTFormative assessment is typically contrasted with additive assessment. The former supports teachers and students in decision-making during educational and learning processes, while the latter occurs at the end of a learning unit and determines if the content creation taught was retained.(Wikipedia,2013). Formative assessment is not distinguished by the format of assessment, but by how the information is u sed. The aforesaid(prenominal) test may act as either formative or summative. However, some methods of assessment are better suited to one or the premature(a) purpose.CHARACTERISTICS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTDuring formative assessment, learning is the dual-lane goal of both teacher and student and alterations to the teaching and learning process take place as needed to except the goal. This allows both the teacher and the student the opportunity for assessment and improvement as an on-going process instead of an end product. Formative assessments are assessments for learning, rather than assessments of learning, according to the Association for Supervision and plan Development.FocusedFormative assessments are focused on the learning process as well as the learning progress. While other assessments may only focus on the end result, formative assessments note the students progress consistently so that adjustments contribute be made to reach learning goals.ongoingA formative as sessment is consistent and ongoing throughout the learning process. It differs from assessments that focus on the end result. Ongoing assessments give both teachers and students the chance to blade adjustments to teaching and learning strategies so learning ultimately takes place. promptWhile other forms of assessment focus on the end result, formative assessments provide immediate feedback to both teachers and students due to ongoing assessment practices. The immediate feedback teachers and students experience can be used to motivate and further learning.LIMITATIONS OF FORMATIVE ASSESSMENTSAlthough offering many benefits, effective formative assessment can be difficult to achieve at scale. It may be logistically impossible to provide detailed descriptive feedback for each student in a large class. Even with a smaller number of students to deal with, formative assessment is long as it requires significant, ongoing dedication and effort from the teacher to sustain. This is especia lly true when combined with the summative assessments teachers are required to complete.The layered accountability chain in education student to teacher, teacher to school, school to district, and so on creates systemic pressure for student performance to be objectively and comparatively measurable at each level. Formative assessment, by definition, doesnt easily provide that kind of accountability. This explains why, although the advantages of formative assessment have been repeatedly articulated since the distinction between it and summative assessment was first made in 1967, empirical studies keep back to show that very few teachers consistently make use of it in actual practice.SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTSummative assessment measures attainment and allows for the recording of the learning progress. It usually takes the form of tests and examinations, though it is becoming progressively common for summative assessment to include other tasks such as a project finish during the scho ol year. This move away from assessments based on a single examination gives learners the opportunity to perform to the surpass of their ability. Not all learners perform well under examination pressure. Furthermore,examinations do not constantly lend themselves to eliciting the range of language structures and uses that have been the objective of teachingCHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTThe results of summative assessment allow us to determine the degree to which learners have attained specific learning objectives. Such a decision may have an important consequence on learners future prospects. It is therefore crucial that not only is the assessment valid, but that the results obtained are reliable.Validity relates to whether the assessment tasks assess what they intend to assess. Reliability, on the other hand, refers to the results obtained and whether these would be the same if the same learners took the assessment on another occasion provided that no further learning had taken place and regardless of who marked the assessment if more than one person was involved in the process.(Summative assessment,2005).Whether summative assessment is norm-or criterion-referenced will be determined by the purpose of the assessment. If we need to select the outperform candidates to, for example, continue with their education, then norm-referencing would be appropriate. However, if we are interested in whether candidates have mastered certain skills, then we would not get the required information through norm-referencing.(Meason)For example, when assessing airline pilots we are interested in whether they can fly a plane safely to a very high level of proficiency. Knowing which trainees were the best would not suffice since it is possible that no trainee of a given group would have reached the required standard to safely fly a planeLIMITATIONS OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENTStudents can face anxiety in preparation for a test, an anxiety that grows as the perception of the t ests significance grows. Summative tests declare oneself schools to commit to prolonged pretesting procedures and preparation classes, which can increase student anxiety.(Spiral). In addition, some students simply do not test well, and the result is a testing procedure that fails to adequately assess the real talents of individual students, while a formative assessment would allow a teacher to evaluate these conditions and better assess a students ability Summative assessments fan have an overall negative jounce on student egoism, resulting from the perception of inferiority that standardized tests can give test-takers.Students who perform poorly on standardized tests were found to suffer from lower self-esteem in situations where these same students had not previously exhibited signs of self-esteem problems.(Boggiano,1992). Even students who perform average or well on standardized tests can suffer from the mishap to meet their own higher expectations. The result can be a reduct ion in educational motivation.(Hammond).EXAMPLES OF FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT FROM TEACHING AND LEARNING PERSPECTIVECONCLUSIONIn my view,both types of assessments are better,that is a balanced assessment.A balanced assessment system in one in which a variety of assessments are used for a variety of purposes and communications about results facilitates student involvement and ownership of learning.Formative assessment can be vital importance in helping the teacher and students determine the quality of learning that is winning place and can allow them to forecast the results of summative tests some time in advance of the summative testing.Such results can be used as the basis for altering the teaching learning situation early enough to change the immediate as well as alter the forecast.Learning is a process which can be observed and evaluated as it is taking place.Formative evaluation can be used to make the process more effective long sooner the summative evaluation.Recogn ition ofthe interaction among formative evaluation teaching and learning and summative evaluation can do much to improve teaching and learning before it is too late.REFERENCESAranda S,Yates P.An Overview of assessment.Canberra (EdCaN),Australia(2009).Retrieved from www.edcan.org/pdf/edCanOverview.pdfBoggiano A,Pittman T. Achievement and Motivation A Social-Developmental Perspective.(Eds).(1992).Cambridge Press.New York.Hammond,K.eHow.Education.Summative assessment weaknesses.Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_8568251_summative-assessment-weaknesses.htmlMeason C.eHow.Education.Characteristics of Formative assessment.Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/list_6732311_characteristics-formative-assessment.htmlOxford Brookes University.(2011).Purpose of Assessment.Retrieved from www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsld/resources/assessment/purposes.htmSpira M.eHow.Education.Disadvantages of Formative Assessment.Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_8502289_advantages-disadvantages-formative-ass essment.htmlStiggins,R.,Arter,J.,Chappuis,S.(2008).Classroom assessment for student learning.Educational Testing Service.Retrieved from http//www.bcsd.org/district.cfm?subpage=55380Summative assessment.(2005).Retrieved fromhttp//cd1.edb.hkedcity.net/cd/eng/tba_eng_sec/web/3_1w.htmSpira M.eHow.Education.Disadvantages of Formative Assessment.Retrieved from http//www.ehow.com/info_8502289_advantages-disadvantages-formative-assessmen